一、全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首 , 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.

二、部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did ，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 　句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until... 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
　 当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题　
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案 A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括 no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until 等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2 ） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案 D. 看到 Not until... 的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在 C ， D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为， Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了 , 否则意思就变了。

(1)以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only...but also, Hardly/Scarcely...when, No sooner... than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句 ( 谓语前置 ) 。这类表示否定意义的词有 never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及 not only...but (also), no sooner...than, hardly... when scarcely... when 　等等。
注意：只有当 Not only... but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的 Not only... but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

(2)so, neither, nor 作部分倒装

表示 " 也 " 、 " 也不 " 的句子要部分倒装。　　　　
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither willI.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案： B. nor 为增补意思 " 也不关心 " ，因此句子应倒装。 A 错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D 缺乏连词。
注意： 当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 " 的确如此 " 。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.

(3)only 在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
　 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed

(4)as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词 , 副词 , 分词 , 实义动词提前）。
注意 :1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词 , 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语 , 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意 : 让步状语从句中，有 though ， although 时，后面的主句不能有 but ，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。

(5)其他部分倒装

1)so... that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 　在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 　在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1 ） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为 D. 　否定词 Not 在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2 ） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize D. I realize
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为 B. 　句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构，表示 " 也不 " 。由 so, neither, nor 引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中 , so 用于肯定句 , 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

(6)虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意 : 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词 'be' 的过去时态一律用 "were" ，不用 was ， 即在从句中 be 用 were 代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
　 答案 C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有 were, should, had 这三个词，通常将 if 省略，主语提前 , 变成 were, should, had + 主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do 。

(7)强调句结构

常考的强调句结构是 it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子其他部分。
　 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1 ） It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案 C. 强调句的结构是： It +be + 强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。　强调句的连词只有两个， that 和 who 。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who" ，其余用 that 。
原句：　 My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. ( 注意不用 when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2 ） It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案 C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为 A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉 It be... that 还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is...that' ，只剩下 ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was + 时间 + since... 　其中 is<---> has been was <---> had been.

　英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”，倒装语序为谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语。

　　倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。完全倒装是将整个谓语移至主语前面。例如：Then comes the bus。部分倒装是只将助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。例如：Is she an English teacher?

倒装结构的用法：

一、副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。
注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。

1.--Let's hurry. Listen!There________.
__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?
---Look! Here________.
A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes
 C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he

二，含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。
Ａ具有否定意义的副词放句首：　not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…

2.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in my life___
so happy!(2000,spring)
A did I feel      B I feel      C I had felt    D had I felt

3.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once__with each other.(2003)
A they had quarreled B they have quarreled
C have they quarreled D had they quarreled

B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than.., scarely..than..,Hardly..when.., not until...

4.Not until all the fish died in the river__how serious pollution was.(95)
A did the villagers realize  B the villagers realized
C the villagers did realize D didn't the villagers realize

5.Not only__interested in football but__ beginning to show an interest in it.
A the teacher himself is, all his students are
B the teacher himself is, are all his students
C is the teacher himself, are all his students
D is the teacher himself,all his students are

*not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but (also), than, when后面的句子不倒. Neither..nor..两部分都倒装。

C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no circumstances...
On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.

三，only＋状语，部分到装
6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)
A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope

7. __can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001)
A With hard work B Although work hard
C Only with hard work  D Now that he works hard

四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：
肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语  　*主语与上文一致
否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语

8.-David has made great progress recently.
   --_______, and________.(1997)
A So he has, so you have   B So he has, so have you
C So has he , so have you  D So has he ,so you have

9. – You forget your purse when you went out.
    ---Good heavens,_______.(2002)
A so did I      B so I did        C I did so        D I so did

五、as 作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句，由于语法需要，把表语／状语／动词提于句首．
10._____,I have never seen anyone who's as capable(有能力） as John.(2001)
A As long as I have traveled  B Now that I have traveled
C Much as I have traveled    D As I have travled so much

11.___, he knows a lot of things.
A The child as he is  B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is

六、so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中，若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。
12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)
A I have felt  B have I felt  C I did feel  D did I feel

七、若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，　可将if省，把were, had , should 放主语之前。

13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)
A Were   B Should       C Would     D Will

14.____ for the tree tickets,I would not have gone to the film so often.(95sh)
A If it is not B Were it not C Had not it been D If they were not

八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。
In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.

九、在表示愿望的感叹句，倒装。
May our country become rich and strong!
Long live the People's Republic ofChina!

十、There be 句型，eg,
There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)
There is a man at the door wants to see you.
There once lived an old hunter in that house.
There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.